My primary interest is not DX. I know that VHF and UHF are primarily line of sight. I don't live on a mountain top - more of a hole - so I assume that VLF and UHF are off the table when repeaters are down, and I am trying to reach someone 10, 20, 30, 50 or 100 miles away. I would think that HF ground wave or NVIS would be the only choices.
If you’re in a hole then NVIS is really your only option however, the best thing to do is to set up your station and work with it. Figure out what you need to do to hit those specific distances as regularly and reliably as possible. A dipole is relatively inexpensive in the grand scheme of antennas and with a little bit of ingenuity can be set up to raise and lower as well as to rotate in order to place your signal where your target station can hear it.